In Cisco devices, ACL (Access Control List) is a mechanism used to control the traffic flow through the device by permitting or denying packets based on defined criteria. ACLs are commonly used in routers, switches, and firewalls to enforce security policies and filter traffic.

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for managing and monitoring network devices and systems. It enables network administrators to collect information from network devices, monitor their performance, and control them remotely.

Open Shortest Path First is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols, operating within a single autonomous system..

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a set of rules that determine the best network routes for data transmission on the internet. The internet consists of thousands of private, public, corporate, and government networks linked together through standardized protocols, devices, and communication technologies.

Computer security, cybersecurity, digital security or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from attacks by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, theft of, or damage to hardware, software, or data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.

Multiprotocol Label Switching is a routing technique in telecommunications networks that directs data from one node to the next based on labels rather than network addresses. Whereas network addresses identify endpoints, the labels identify established paths between endpoints.

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for computers, services, and other resources in the Internet or other Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It associates various information with domain names (identification strings) assigned to each of the associated entities.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway.

Network address translation is a method of mapping an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.